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we have locked and we're going to send

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that command

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31 minutes and 32 seconds for our

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support

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[Music]

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go for stat spot for dump

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because the hubble space telescope is so

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scientifically effective right now

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scientists are using hubble to

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investigate some of the deepest

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mysteries of the universe

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one of the primary things hubble has

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been doing is looking at the atmospheres

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around exoplanets

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if you had asked the guys who built

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hubble and design hubble they would have

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sworn hubble could never ever do this

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that's one of the things i love about

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hubble is that it ends up giving us new

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[Music]

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my name is larry dunham i'm the chief

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systems engineer for flight systems here

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on the hubble space telescope

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i started on the hubble program back in

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the summer of 1982 when hubble was being

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built out in

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california first telescope in space to

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be designed so that we've got what we

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call orbital replacement units there are

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modular boxes with handrails on them so

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the astronauts can go up and just pick

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and play they've got nice connectors on

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them that make it easy for the

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astronauts with their big gloves to be

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we've had five servicing missions

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we have replaced some equipment multiple

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times

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especially the instruments we're always

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going with the advanced technology

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the telescope we have today on orbit is

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not the telescope that we launched

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originally

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we've been able to replace all five of

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our science instruments with instruments

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that have the technology that didn't

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even exist when hubble was being built

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originally

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the hubble space telescope is really an

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observatory because it has several

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science instruments several modes of

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operation we have multiple cameras

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multiple spectrographs they each have

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different capabilities in terms of their

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sensitivities or the kinds of

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frequencies they can receive the

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electromagnetic spectrum we can also use

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hubble in different kinds of intriguing

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modes depending on what we're trying to

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observe there are different types of

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observing scenarios and one of the

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things the scientists have been able to

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do is they've been able to come up with

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very interesting and unique observing

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scenarios that allowed them to do

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science that they never thought they

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could do before because the hubble space

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telescope has been operating for a long

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time it's giving us what we need to

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explore the universe in deep ways that

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would never have been possible when

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hubble was first launched

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for example scientists wondered whether

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we could use hubble in an innovative

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mode in recent years

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basically scanning objects slowly

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instead of just staring at them in some

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cases that gives us a higher sensitivity

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to what we're trying to observe

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and we're using that special mode on

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hubble now to get better information

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about many types of things in space

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including to be able to study planets

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around other stars what we call

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exoplanets planets outside of our own

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solar system

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what hubble's been able to do is as the

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planets go in front of the stars that

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they're going around the spectrographs

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can detect changes very small changes in

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the spectrum this has allowed them to do

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exoplanet atmospheric studies

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this is something that hubble has sort

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of really stepped up to the plate and

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has been just phenomenally good at

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spectrographs have really sort of been

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leading that if you ever see things

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about oh a new exoplanet we discovered

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that has

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this in the atmosphere or that in the

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atmosphere we think it's made of this

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it's the spectrographs which have shown

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you that kind of information

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for doing a lot of the exoplanet

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observations you have to catch what's

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known as the transit one the orbit of

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the exoplanet has to be such that it's

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going to go between you in the star it's

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going around

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we can't just do an exoplanet

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observation whenever we want or whenever

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it's convenient we have to do an

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exoplanet observation when it's first

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starting to go into the star

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so they have to know very accurately the

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timing of that we have to schedule it

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ahead of time this is not something that

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hubble can get around to when it wants

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to we have to say no at this point in

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time on this date you have to be pointed

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here and you have to be looking here

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we had to really think about how to

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schedule this a lot of thought goes into

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it a lot of thought goes into the

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planning end of the execution

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the hubble operations team are quite

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willing and capable of

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using the telescope in new modes and new

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innovative ways that enable us to

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accomplish science that we wouldn't

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otherwise be able to accomplish

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we asked them would it be possible to

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use hubble to track something moving

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quickly across the sky and they figured

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out a way to use hubble in a vast

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tracking mode that enabled us to do

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explorations and discoveries that

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astronomers didn't envision using hubble

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for when it was first designed

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now when we're observing our planets

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when we're observing jupiter or saturn

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or or uranus or neptune

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they move also we have to move the

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telescope because they're just going

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around the sun they're actually moving

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because they're really moving so we have

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to move with them we're observing

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asteroids or comets we have to chase

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after them

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[Music]

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we know came from outside of our solar

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system is like a big asteroid that was

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detected quizzing through our solar

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system we wanted to use hubble to

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observe this as well and we were able to

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track it this is not a simple operation

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it's moving at more than a hundred

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thousand miles an hour so being able to

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observe this and track it is a wonderful

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capability that the operations team has

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enabled hubble to have

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the telescope is big it's massive it

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moves about the same speed as the minute

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hand on a clock

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so to move from pointing one thing to go

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completely around the other one takes us

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a half an hour it is not a very fast

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motion

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[Music]

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we actually use a very interesting

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technique it's using newton's third law

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we have these very large reaction wheels

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on it they're about two feet across very

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very heavy very very massive wheels

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if you start spinning those wheels one

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way the telescope will spin a little bit

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in the opposite direction

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this is how we can move the telescope

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from one part of the sky to another part

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of the sky once we've moved the reaction

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wheels and we've moved the telescopes

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we're in the right spot now we have to

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get in the exact location to put the

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target in the science instrument

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what's going to happen now is where the

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fgs's are going to start talking to the

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telescope talking to the flight software

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computer and saying i want you to move

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the telescope over here a little bit to

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be able to position the science for the

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science aperture

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most of the time we use the hubble space

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telescope to do observations that have

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been planned quite a bit in advance

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observers around the world astronomers

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will write proposals we will then take

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those accepted proposals and observe

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whatever it is that the astronomer has

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proposed but sometimes there are things

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that happen that are unexpected or

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rapid events that we need a more rapid

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response

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we have a capability of what we call a

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target of opportunity and that's when

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something

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unexpected happens in the universe that

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astronomers they want to immediately

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jump on that as fast as possible with

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hubble case in point was the

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gravitational wave detection to neutron

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stars colliding

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a target of opportunity was submitted

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for hubble to actually go look at the

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remnant

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and see if we could find it

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[Music]

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we had the engineers run through it we

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got new commanding sequences from the

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space telescope science institute we're

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able to run all that through and then we

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execute it on orbit

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we have to respond very fast we produce

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a new schedule and set of command loads

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we can modify a lot of the flight

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software modify how the instruments are

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commanded it allows us to change we can

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what hubble has done compared to what we

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were thinking hubble could do is just

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amazing hubble's had its fingers in a

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almost everything a neutron star

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collision

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looking for all the supernova

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all this stuff going on with dark matter

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dark energy exoplanets

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hubble has just been constantly finding

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new things now we're looking at these

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interstellar comets and these

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interstellar asteroids visiting us

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it's really been spectacular to watch

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there really are two key aspects to

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hubble's design that have enabled us to

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last the 30 years that we have and that

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is really the redundancy that we have on

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board and then it's the servicing

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putting in new and improved instruments

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and being able to improve the hardware

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with lessons learned over the 30 years

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of hubble operations we are now at our

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peak performance

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the hubble space telescope has had a

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profound impact

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not only on astronomy

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it showed that humans in space and

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science can go hand in hand

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to enable us to explore space in richer

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ways than we could ever do with either

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just astronauts alone or just with

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instrumentation alone by using these

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skills together

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new vistas of exploration are open to us

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and that lesson is something we're still

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benefiting from as we envision future

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okay

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charlie it's amazing with a program

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that's lasted the duration that hubble

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has lasted that the astronomers up at

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the space telescope science institute

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continue to come up with new things that

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they want to try to do with hubble and

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we certainly hope that we'll be able to

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continue to provide that kind of

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capability to them into the late 2020s

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and beyond

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[Music]

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[Applause]